I've made dozens of games. Most don't survive. Here's how I do it quickly and efficiently.
In the first playtest of your game, you will learn very important things within a few turns. There won't be much point playing past that point. Then, you'll be back to the drawing board, and lots of things will change. (Or, if you're good, the game might go in the bin.)
If you've created an entire game, you'll have to alter the whole thing, repeatedly — even the parts you're not using.
I've spent weeks creating and printing/uploading a game, only to play it for a few minutes before abandoning the playtest.
For my designs, there's a greater than 50% chance the game is never played again after its first playtest.
Create the first ten minutes of the game, if that's possible. If there are rounds, only create the first round. Just make enough of each component to enable that. This means extremely small decks of cards, which you just recycle if they run out. A deck of ten cards isn't very random, but it's enough to play the game. It doesn't matter that the game isn't random. You'll only play that deck once, and then you'll change it.
Only create the two-player version of the game.
If the game has a board, create a small corner of the board. Do not make the board modular or variable.
If there are different "characters" the players can be, just create two. Even better, leave them out. Every "extra bit" that the game doesn't necessarily need, can be left out completely.
Keep the game very small and non-variable, for many revisions.
Resist the urge to make content. Resist the urge to make content!
The fact that every game will be samey is actually a good thing. When the game goes bad, in playtesting, you know it's the rules, not just an unlucky draw or one wacky card.
Do create the full breadth of the game, or most of it, so you're really testing the proper game. The game should be very short, but it should be representative of the full game, and not be a simplified version of it.
Obviously, don't worry about balance, replayability, or any other smaller factors early on.
The game doesn't need a proper end, until you're many revisions in. You can often leave the objective out. I often tell players to "just do stuff." Or, you can just create a small, temporary win condition, like "gather 10 resources."
Obviously, do not write a rulebook. Playtesters do not want to read it. Make one of the cards a reminder card, with only a few lines, explaining the rules such that an experienced gamer will understand them — just the objective, and how to play their turn. There's no need to be exact or complete. You can just arbitrate things during the game. Players know that numbers in corners are probably costs, and that played cards are probably discarded. This also lets you know what the game was about, when you look back at it.
Don't bother with nice art, consistency, or icons. (Sometimes I'll use icons from my other games, if applicable.)
Don't bother with the exact theme yet, and just use placeholder names like "Wizard" or "Factory".
Do all this creative stuff later. It's still fun.